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In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term in the 1950s. [1]In 1784, John Michell proposed that gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact objects that even light cannot escape. [2]
Closed trapped surfaces are a concept used in black hole solutions of general relativity [1] which describe the inner region of an event horizon. Roger Penrose defined the notion of closed trapped surfaces in 1965. [2] A trapped surface is one where light is not moving away from the black hole.
A horizon is a boundary in spacetime satisfying prescribed conditions. There are several types of horizons that play a role in Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity : Absolute horizon , a boundary in spacetime in general relativity inside of which events cannot affect an external observer
The advantage is that this notion of a horizon is mathematically convenient and does not depend on the observer, unlike apparent horizons, for example. The disadvantage is that it requires the full history (all the way into the future) of the spacetime to be known, thus making event horizons unsuitable for empirical tests. [ 4 ]
For example, a glass breaking on the floor is an event; it occurs at a unique place and a unique time. [1] Strictly speaking, the notion of an event is an idealization , in the sense that it specifies a definite time and place, whereas any actual event is bound to have a finite extent, both in time and in space.
The event horizons bounding the black hole and white hole interior regions are also a pair of straight lines at 45 degrees, reflecting the fact that a light ray emitted at the horizon in a radial direction (aimed outward in the case of the black hole, inward in the case of the white hole) would remain on the horizon forever.
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It is the speed of light that arbitrarily defines the ergosphere surface. Such a surface would appear as an oblate that is coincident with the event horizon at the pole of rotation, but at a greater distance from the event horizon at the equator. Outside this surface, space is still dragged, but at a lesser rate. [citation needed]