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The feedstock to the FCC conversion process usually is heavy gas oil (HGO), which is that portion of the petroleum (crude oil) that has an initial boiling-point temperature of 340 °C (644 °F) or higher, at atmospheric pressure, and that has an average molecular weight that ranges from about 200 to 600 or higher; heavy gas oil also is known as ...
In 1929, based on the Burton thermal cracking process, Standard Oil of Indiana built the first delayed coker. It required very arduous manual decoking. [7] In the late 1930s, Shell oil developed hydraulic decoking using high-pressure water at their refinery in Wood River, Illinois. That made it possible, by having two coke drums, for delayed ...
There are three types of cokers used in oil refineries: delayed coker, fluid coker and flexicoker. [2] [3] The one that is by far the most commonly used is the delayed coker. The schematic flow diagram below depicts a typical delayed coker: A typical schematic flow diagram of a delayed coking unit
A spring-loaded safety relief valve is usually installed on all oil and gas separators. These valves normally are set at the design pressure of the vessel. Safety relief valves serve primarily as a warning, and in most instances are too small to handle the full rated fluid capacity of the separator. Full-capacity safety relief valves can be ...
On July 23, 1984, an explosion and fire took place at a Union Oil Lemont Refinery in Romeoville, Illinois, outside Chicago, killing 17 people and causing major property damage. [2] The explosive force propelled the upper portion 14 metres (46 ft) of the vessel a distance of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from its original location, while the base ...
A schematic diagram of a Visbreaker unit. The term coil (or furnace) visbreaking is applied to units where the cracking process occurs in the furnace tubes (or "coils")."). Material exiting the furnace is quenched to halt the cracking reactions: frequently this is achieved by heat exchange with the virgin material being fed to the furnace, which in turn is a good energy efficiency step, but ...
Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes (or commonly olefins ), including ethene (or ethylene ) and propene (or propylene ).
A check valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve, foot valve, or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. [1] Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various ...