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Mussolini was so familiar with Marxist literature that in his writings he would not only quote from well-known Marxist works but also from the relatively obscure works. [28] During this period Mussolini considered himself an "authoritarian communist" [29] and a Marxist and he described Karl Marx as "the greatest of all theorists of socialism." [30]
In March 1919, Benito Mussolini founded the first Italian Fasces of Combat (FIC) at the beginning of the so-called Red Biennium, a two-year long social conflict between the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the liberal and conservative ruling class. Mussolini suffered a defeat in the election of November 1919. [3] [further explanation needed]
2.2 Timeline. 3 See also. 4 Notes. 5 References. Toggle the table of contents. ... Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) 12 October 1926 25 July 1943 16 years, 286 days
The series introduces us to the firebrand and consummate rouser of rabbles known as Il Duce (The Leader) when he is 35, three years before he became Italy’s prime minister in 1922.
Boundaries in 1920. In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (interbellum) lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII).
Mussolini promised to revive Italy's status as a Great Power in Europe, carving out a "New Roman Empire". Mussolini promised that Italy would dominate the Mediterranean Sea. In propaganda, the Fascist government used the originally ancient Roman term "Mare Nostrum" (Latin for "Our Sea") to refer to the Mediterranean Sea.
In a famous speech in 1926, Mussolini called for fascist art that was "traditionalist and at the same time modern, that looks to the past and at the same time to the future". [9] Traditional symbols of Roman civilization were utilized by the fascists, particularly the fasces that symbolized unity, authority and the exercise of power. [85]
In November 1938, Mussolini declared to the Grand Fascist Council: "We shall bring our border to the Gotthard Pass". [76] The Fascist regime accused the Swiss government of oppressing the Romansch people in Graubünden. [75] Mussolini argued that Romansch was an Italian dialect and thus Graubünden should be incorporated into Italy. [77]