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A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment. [1]
A popular repeated-measures design is the crossover study. A crossover study is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures). While crossover studies can be observational studies, many important crossover studies are controlled experiments.
As a panel survey it is a form of longitudinal study. The BHPS was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council from its inception in 1989 until 2008. Since 2008, the BHPS has been integrated into Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study, still run from ISER.
The National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) was a comprehensive study conducted to track the educational, vocational, and personal development of high school seniors who graduated in 1972. NLS-72 was implemented by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), a division of the U.S. Department of Education.
Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations are for the same subjects each time. Time series and cross-sectional data can be thought of as special cases of panel data that are in one dimension only (one panel member or individual for the former, one time point for the latter).
In medicine, a crossover study or crossover trial is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures). While crossover studies can be observational studies , many important crossover studies are controlled experiments , which are discussed in this article.
Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies [3] and can be more expensive than a case–control study. [4] One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is that they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a ...
The Genetic Studies of Genius, later known as the Terman Study of the Gifted, [1] is currently the oldest and longest-running longitudinal study in the field of psychology. . It was begun by Lewis Terman at Stanford University in 1921 to examine the development and characteristics of gifted children into adultho