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Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.
A large meta-analysis has shown that white adipose tissue cell size is dependent on measurement methods, adipose tissue depots, age, and body mass index; for the same degree of obesity, increases in fat cell size were also associated with the dysregulations in glucose and lipid metabolism. [2]
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. The hallmarks of aging are the types of biochemical changes that occur in all organisms that experience biological aging and lead to a progressive loss of physiological integrity, impaired function and, eventually, death.
Insulin responsiveness is dependent on adipose cell size. The larger the adipose cell size the less sensitive the insulin. Diabetes is more likely to occur in obese women with android fat distribution and hypertrophic fat cells. [9] It is not just general obesity that is a consequence of android fat distribution but also other health consequences.
Senescent adipose progenitor cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue has been shown to suppress adipogenic differentiation. [37] Reduced adipogenesis in obese persons is due to increased senescent cells in adipose tissue rather than reduced numbers of stem/progenitor cells.
White adipose tissue or white fat is one of the two types of adipose tissue found in mammals. The other kind is brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue is composed of monolocular adipocytes. In humans, the healthy amount of white adipose tissue varies with age, but composes between 6–25% of body weight in adult men and 14–35% in adult women.
Hayflick suggested that his results in which normal cells have a limited replicative capacity may have significance for understanding human aging at the cellular level. [ 4 ] It has been reported that the limited replicative capability of human fibroblasts observed in cell culture is far greater than the number of replication events experienced ...
The interscapular brown adipose tissue is commonly and inappropriately referred to as the hibernating gland. [57] Whilst believed by many to be a type of gland , it is actually a collection of adipose tissues lying between the scapulae of rodentine mammals. [ 58 ]