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The first, shared with solid rocket motors, is that the casing around the fuel grain must be built to withstand full combustion pressure and often extreme temperatures as well. However, modern composite structures handle this problem well, and when used with nitrous oxide and a solid rubber propellant (HTPB), relatively small percentage of fuel ...
Syntin was used in the Soviet Union and later Russia as fuel for the Soyuz-U2 rocket from 1982 until 1995. [2] [3] It was first synthesized in the USSR in 1959 [1] and brought to mass production in the 1970s. It was prepared in a multi-step synthetic process from easily obtained acetylcyclopropane (the 3rd molecule): Syntin synthesis 01
Sorbitol – used together with potassium nitrate as an amateur solid rocket fuel; Dextrin – also a binder; Stearin, stearic acid – accessory fuel, a possible replacement for charcoal and/or sulfur in some compositions; lengthens flames, can reduce friction sensitivity; phlegmatizing agent; Hexachloroethane – used in many military smoke ...
ALICE has been proposed as a propellant well-suited for on-site production on outer space bodies such as the Moon, as both aluminum oxide (a source of aluminum) and water are abundant resources in the universe, while the high propellant density decreases the dry mass of the rocket. Maintaining the propellant in a frozen state is relatively ...
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant.It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
Rocket candy, or R-Candy, is a type of rocket propellant for model rockets made with a form of sugar as a fuel, and containing an oxidizer. The propellant can be divided into three groups of components: the fuel, the oxidizer, and the (optional) additive(s). In the past, sucrose was most commonly used as fuel.
The rocket, developed by United Launch Alliance, uses the Blue Origin's BE-4 engine, though the second stage uses the hydrolox RL10. New Glenn successfully reached orbit on its first try on 16 January 2025. The rocket and its engines are developed by Blue Origin. The first stage uses BE-4 engines, and the second stage uses the hydrolox BE-3U.
Hydrogen peroxide works best as a propellant in extremely high concentrations (roughly over 70%). Although any concentration of peroxide will generate some hot gas (oxygen plus some steam), at concentrations above approximately 67%, the heat of decomposing hydrogen peroxide becomes large enough to completely vaporize all the liquid at standard pressure.