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Salpingitis is an infection causing inflammation in the fallopian tubes (also called salpinges). It is often included in the umbrella term of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), along with endometritis, oophoritis, myometritis, parametritis, and peritonitis. [1] [2]
Treatment of fallopian tube obstruction has traditionally been treated with fallopian tubal surgery with a goal of restoring patency to the tubes and thus possibly normal function. A common modern day method of treatment is in vitro fertilization as it is more cost-effective, less invasive, and results are immediate.
It is characterized by nodular thickening of the tunica muscularis of the narrow (isthmic) portion of the fallopian tube. In severe cases, it leads to complete obliteration of the tubal lumen. It is uncommonly bilateral. [2] Gross findings: One or more nodules 1–2 mm, spanning up to 2 cm
The most common complication is rupture with internal bleeding which may lead to hypovolemic shock. Damage to the fallopian tubes can lead to difficulty becoming pregnant in the future. The woman's other fallopian tube may function sufficiently for pregnancy. After the removal of one damaged fallopian tube, pregnancy remains possible in the future.
The blocked tube may become substantially distended giving the tube a characteristic sausage-like or retort-like shape. The condition is often bilateral and the affected tubes may reach several centimeters in diameter. The blocked tubes cause infertility. A fallopian tube filled with blood is a hematosalpinx, and with pus a pyosalpinx. [1]
The diagnosis is typically based on the presenting signs and symptoms. [2] It is recommended that the disease be considered in all women of childbearing age who have lower abdominal pain. [2] A definitive diagnosis of PID is made by finding pus involving the fallopian tubes during surgery. [2] Ultrasound may also be useful in diagnosis. [2]
Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is female infertility caused by diseases, obstructions, damage, scarring, congenital malformations or other factors which impede the descent of a fertilized or unfertilized ovum into the uterus through the fallopian tubes and prevents a normal pregnancy and full term birth.
Endometriosis can lead to ovarian cysts (endometriomas), adhesions, and damage to the fallopian tubes or ovaries, all of which can interfere with ovulation and fertilization. Treatment for endometriosis often includes hormonal therapies, pain management, and in some cases, surgery to remove the endometrial tissue.