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A caregiver, carer or support worker is a paid or unpaid person who helps an individual with activities of daily living. Caregivers who are members of a care recipient's family or social network, and who may have no specific professional training, are often described as informal caregivers.
Family caregivers (also known as "family carers") are "relatives, friends, or neighbors who provide assistance related to an underlying physical or mental disability for at-home care delivery and assist in the activities of daily living (ADLs) who are unpaid and have no formal training to provide those services." [1]
Elderly caregiving may consist of formal care and informal care. Formal care involves the services of community and medical partners, while informal care involves the support of family, friends, and local communities. In most mild-to-medium cases of dementia, the caregiver is a spouse or an adult child.
Informal caregivers include any unpaid individual, such as a spouse, neighbor, or adult child, who provides personal assistance to an elderly, ill, or disabled person in the home. [3] Formal caregivers, including professional live-in caregivers, are paid for their services. [ 4 ]
The universal-breadwinner model aims to achieve equity through female employment and parity with men. The caregiver-parity model promotes increased support for informal care work and forms of employment for women (such as part-time employment) which would increase their time available to perform domestic care work.
Estimates of the age of family or informal caregivers who are women range from 59% to 75%. The average caregiver is age 46, female, married and worked outside the home earning an annual income of $35,000. Although men also provide assistance, female caregivers may spend as much as 50% more time providing care than male caregivers." [14]
Non-formal and informal education occur outside the formal schooling system, with non-formal education serving as a middle ground. Like formal education, non-formal education is organized, systematic, and pursued with a clear purpose, as seen in activities such as tutoring , fitness classes, and participation in the scouting movement. [ 28 ]
In Finland, informal caregivers received a fixed fee from municipalities as well as pension payments. In the 1990s, a number of countries with social health insurance (Austria in 1994, Germany in 1996, Luxembourg in 1999) began providing a cash payment to service recipients, who could then use those funds to pay informal caregivers. [6]