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The legislative process begins with the introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament, i.e. the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. A bill can be introduced either by a minister or by a private member. In the former case it is known as a government bill and in the latter case it is known as a private member's bill.
The Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 20 July 2009 [10] and the Lok Sabha on 4 August 2009. [11] It received Presidential assent and was notified as law on 26 August 2009 [12] as The Children's Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act. [13] The law came into effect in the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1 April 2010.
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Bill (FRBM Bill) was introduced in India by the then Finance Minister of India, Yashwant Sinha [1] in December 2000. Firstly, the bill highlighted the terrible state of government finances in India both at the Union and the state levels under the statement of objects and reasons. [2]
The Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on 19 July 2016 as the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016. It was referred to the Joint parliamentary committee on 12 August 2016. The Committee submitted its report on 7 January 2019 to Parliament. The Bill was taken into consideration and passed by Lok Sabha on 8 January 2019.
An amendment of the Constitution can be initiated only by the introduction of a Bill in either House of Parliament. The Bill must then be passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting. [3] This is known as special majority.
The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 3 August 2016, and the amended bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 8 August 2016. [6] The bill, after ratification by the States, received assent from President Pranab Mukherjee on 8 September 2016, [7] [8] and was notified in The Gazette of India on the same date. [9]
The bill was hotly debated before its introduction in Parliament and after it was introduced in Parliament. It was introduced into India's parliament on 22 December 2011, promulgated as a presidential ordinance on 5 July 2013, and enacted into law on 12 September 2013.
The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document of India. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights , directive principles , and the duties of citizens.