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Some research has suggested the half-life of clonidine is dose dependent and approximately doubles upon chronic dosing, [93] while other work contradicts this. [6] Following a 0.3 mg oral dose, a small study of five patients by Dollery et al. (1976) found half-lives ranging between 6.3 and 23.4 hours ( mean 12.7). [ 94 ]
The half life depends on the age of the animal, as age is related to prolonged duration of anesthesia and recovery time. [18] Toxicity occurs with repeated administration, given that the metabolic clearance of the drug is usually calculated as 7– 9 times the half-life, which is 4 to 5 days for the clearance of xylazine. [18]
Tizanidine. Tizanidine, sold under the brand name Zanaflex among others, is an alpha-2 (α 2) adrenergic receptor agonist, [2] similar to clonidine, that is used to treat muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and spastic cerebral palsy. [3] Effectiveness appears similar to baclofen or diazepam. [4]
Lofexidine. Lofexidine, sold under the brand name Lucemyra among others, [1] is a medication historically used to treat high blood pressure; today, it is more commonly used to help with the physical symptoms of opioid withdrawal. [2] It is taken by mouth. [3] It is an α 2A adrenergic receptor agonist. [3]
Dexmedetomidine, sold under the trade name Precedex among others, is a drug used in humans for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [8][9] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. [5]
Guanfacine. Guanfacine, sold under the brand name Tenex (immediate-release) and Intuniv (extended-release) among others, is an oral alpha-2a agonist medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high blood pressure. [3][9] Guanfacine is FDA-approved for monotherapy treatment of ADHD, [3] as well as being used for ...
Apraclonidine. Apraclonidine (INN), also known under the brand name Iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α 2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α 1 adrenergic receptor agonist. [citation needed] Topical apraclonidine is administered at a concentration of 1% for the prevention and treatment of post-surgical ...
It has an elimination half-life of 19–60 hours. [10] Peak blood concentrations of 6.5–13.5 ng/mL were usually reached within 1–2 hours following a single 2 mg oral dose of micronized clonazepam in healthy adults. In some individuals, however, peak blood concentrations were reached at 4–8 hours. [130]