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The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intelligence testing.
The amygdala, which is the most researched brain region in racism studies, shows much greater activation while viewing other-race faces than same-race faces. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 12 ] This region of the brain is associated with fear conditioning, and has many connections with the cortex to control the body’s emotional response. [ 3 ]
A number of studies have reported a moderate statistical correlation between differences in IQ and brain size between individuals in the same group. [ 179 ] [ 180 ] Some scholars have reported differences in average brain sizes between racial groups, [ 181 ] although this is unlikely to be a good measure of IQ as brain size also differs between ...
Morton claimed that he could judge the intellectual capacity of a race by the skull size. A large skull meant a large brain and high intellectual capacity, and a small skull indicated a small brain and decreased intellectual capacity. Morton collected hundreds of human skulls from all over the world.
Other historical studies, proposing a black race–white race, intelligence–brain size difference, include those by Bean (1906), Mall (1909), Pearl (1934), and Vint (1934). Nicolás Palacios After the War of the Pacific (1879–83) there was a rise of racial and national superiority ideas among the Chilean ruling class. [ 85 ]
Rushton returned to the cranial measurements of the 19th century, using brain size as an extra factor determining intelligence; in collaboration with Jensen, he most recently developed updated arguments for the genetic explanation of race differences in intelligence. [139]
In terms of brain size differences, it has been noted that given the larger skull in neoteny humans, brain volume may be larger than an average human brain. It has been hypothesized that this is one mode of which the brains of Homo sapiens grew as a species, as the prolonged development of neurons may have led to hypermorphosis, or excessive ...
Brain size usually increases with body size in animals (i.e. large animals usually have larger brains than smaller animals); [4] the relationship is not, however, linear. Small mammals such as mice may have a brain/body ratio similar to humans, while elephants have a comparatively lower brain/body ratio. [4] [5]