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  2. Lemniscate of Bernoulli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemniscate_of_Bernoulli

    The area enclosed by the lemniscate is a 2 = 2c 2. The lemniscate is the circle inversion of a hyperbola and vice versa. The two tangents at the midpoint O are perpendicular, and each of them forms an angle of ⁠ π / 4 ⁠ with the line connecting F 1 and F 2. The planar cross-section of a standard torus tangent to its inner equator is a ...

  3. Hypocycloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocycloid

    If k is an irrational number, then the curve never closes, and fills the space between the larger circle and a circle of radius R − 2r. Each hypocycloid (for any value of r) is a brachistochrone for the gravitational potential inside a homogeneous sphere of radius R. [6] The area enclosed by a hypocycloid is given by: [3] [7]

  4. Tschirnhausen cubic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschirnhausen_cubic

    The curve was studied by von Tschirnhaus, de L'Hôpital, and Catalan. It was given the name Tschirnhausen cubic in a 1900 paper by Raymond Clare Archibald , though it is sometimes known as de L'Hôpital's cubic or the trisectrix of Catalan.

  5. Circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

    Area enclosed by a circle = ... The circle is the plane curve enclosing the maximum area for a given arc length. ... In polar coordinates, ...

  6. Polar curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_curve

    The p-th polar of a C for a natural number p is defined as Δ Q p f(x, y, z) = 0. This is a curve of degree n−p. When p is n−1 the p-th polar is a line called the polar line of C with respect to Q. Similarly, when p is n−2 the curve is called the polar conic of C.

  7. Rose (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a rose or rhodonea curve is a sinusoid specified by either the cosine or sine functions with no phase angle that is plotted in polar coordinates. Rose curves or "rhodonea" were named by the Italian mathematician who studied them, Guido Grandi , between the years 1723 and 1728.

  8. Area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area

    An area bounded by a function = expressed in polar coordinates is: [1] =. The area enclosed by a ... The area enclosed by a parametric curve ...

  9. Strophoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strophoid

    In geometry, a strophoid is a curve generated from a given curve C and points A (the fixed point) and O (the pole) as follows: Let L be a variable line passing through O and intersecting C at K. Now let P 1 and P 2 be the two points on L whose distance from K is the same as the distance from A to K (i.e. KP 1 = KP 2 = AK).