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In statistics, the reduced chi-square statistic is used extensively in goodness of fit testing. It is also known as mean squared weighted deviation (MSWD) in isotopic dating [1] and variance of unit weight in the context of weighted least squares. [2] [3]
Steffensen's method can be derived as an adaptation of Aitken's delta-squared process applied to fixed-point iteration. Viewed in this way, Steffensen's method naturally generalizes to efficient fixed-point calculation in general Banach spaces , whenever fixed points are guaranteed to exist and fixed-point iteration is guaranteed to converge ...
In statistical mechanics, the mean squared displacement (MSD, also mean square displacement, average squared displacement, or mean square fluctuation) is a measure of the deviation of the position of a particle with respect to a reference position over time.
Linear trend estimation is a statistical technique used to analyze data patterns. Data patterns, or trends, occur when the information gathered tends to increase or decrease over time or is influenced by changes in an external factor.
The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted .
The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, [1] [2] when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".
One newton equals one kilogram metre per second squared. Therefore, the unit metre per second squared is equivalent to newton per kilogram, N·kg −1, or N/kg. [2] Thus, the Earth's gravitational field (near ground level) can be quoted as 9.8 metres per second squared, or the equivalent 9.8 N/kg.
The Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of a black hole is one-fourth the area of its event horizon in units of Planck length squared. [ 11 ] : 370 Since the 1950s, it has been conjectured that quantum fluctuations of the spacetime metric might make the familiar notion of distance inapplicable below the Planck length.