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Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]
The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...
(cm 3) Fossil record Discovery Publication of name H. habilis membership in Homo uncertain: 2,100–1,500 [a] [b] Tanzania: 110–140 cm (3 ft 7 in – 4 ft 7 in) 33–55 kg (73–121 lb) 510–660 Many: 1960 1964 H. rudolfensis membership in Homo uncertain: 1,900 Kenya: 700 2 sites 1972 1986 H. gautengensis also classified as H. habilis: 1,900 ...
American anthropologist Carleton S. Coon published his much debated [23]: 248 Origin of Races in 1962. Coon divided the species Homo sapiens into five groups: Besides the Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Australoid races, he posited two races among the indigenous populations of sub-Saharan Africa: the Capoid race in the south, and the Congoid race. [25]
The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid, [a] Europid, or Europoid) [2] is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. [3] [4] [5] The Caucasian race was historically regarded as a biological taxon which, depending on which of the historical race classifications was being used, usually included ancient and modern populations from all or parts of ...
The views of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach on the categorization of the major races of mankind developed over the course of the 1770s to 1820s. He introduced a four-fold division in 1775, extended to five in 1779, later borne out in his work on craniology ( Decas craniorum , published during 1790–1828).
Other Indo-European languages name man for his mortality, *mr̥tós meaning ' mortal ', so in Armenian mard, Persian mard, Sanskrit marta and Greek βροτός meaning ' mortal, human '. This is comparable to the Semitic word for ' man ', represented by Arabic insan إنسان (cognate with Hebrew ʼenōš אֱנוֹשׁ), from a root for ...
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