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Reproductive toxicants may adversely affect sexual function, ovarian failure, fertility as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring. [2] [3] Lowered effective fertility related to reproductive toxicity relates to both male and female effects alike and is reflected in decreased sperm counts, semen quality and ovarian failure.
Insufficient or low levels of testosterone in the body can affect the proper functioning of the male reproductive structures and thus lead to decreased secretions or hypospermia. Long-term exposure to drugs with anti-androgen properties (e.g. spironolactone) can also lead to infertility or low volume of semen. [ 2 ]
Drosophila melanogaster (shown mating) is an important model organism in sexual conflict research.. Sexual conflict or sexual antagonism occurs when the two sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning reproduction, particularly over the mode and frequency of mating, potentially leading to an evolutionary arms race between males and females.
The causes of teratozoospermia are unknown in most cases. However, Hodgkin's disease, coeliac disease, and Crohn's disease may contribute in some instances. [1] Lifestyle and habits (smoking, toxin exposure, etc.) can also cause poor morphology.
This category contains male reproductive toxins. For comparable toxicants, see Category:Male reproductive toxicants. Subcategories.
Pages in category "Male reproductive toxicants" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. C. Chlordecone; E.
Developmental toxicity is any developmental malformation that is caused by the toxicity of a chemical or pathogen. It is the structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis , normal growth , differentiation , development or behavior.
However, multiple mates for a female means each individual male has decreased chances of producing offspring. Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males, and has led to the development of adaptations to increase male's chance of reproductive success. [3] Sperm competition results in a sexual conflict between males and females. [2]