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  2. Coplanarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coplanarity

    For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-collinear, the plane they determine is unique. However, a set of four or more distinct points will, in general, not lie in a single plane. An example of coplanar points. Two lines in three-dimensional space are coplanar if there is a plane that includes them both.

  3. Eight-point algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-point_algorithm

    This means that the first two coordinates in vary over a much larger range than the third coordinate. Furthermore, if the image points which are used to construct Y {\displaystyle \mathbf {Y} } lie in a relatively small region of the image, for example at ( 700 , 700 ) ± ( 100 , 100 ) {\displaystyle (700,700)\pm (100,100)\,} , again the vector ...

  4. Fundamental matrix (computer vision) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_matrix...

    In computer vision, the fundamental matrix is a 3×3 matrix which relates corresponding points in stereo images.In epipolar geometry, with homogeneous image coordinates, x and x′, of corresponding points in a stereo image pair, Fx describes a line (an epipolar line) on which the corresponding point x′ on the other image must lie.

  5. Transformation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix

    With respect to an n-dimensional matrix, an n+1-dimensional matrix can be described as an augmented matrix. In the physical sciences , an active transformation is one which actually changes the physical position of a system , and makes sense even in the absence of a coordinate system whereas a passive transformation is a change in the ...

  6. Essential matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_matrix

    The essential matrix can be seen as a precursor to the fundamental matrix, .Both matrices can be used for establishing constraints between matching image points, but the fundamental matrix can only be used in relation to calibrated cameras since the inner camera parameters (matrices and ′) must be known in order to achieve the normalization.

  7. Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_in_cylindrical_and...

    This article uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ): . The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question.

  8. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    For example, in 2-space n = 2, a rotation by angle θ has eigenvalues λ = e iθ and λ = e −iθ, so there is no axis of rotation except when θ = 0, the case of the null rotation. In 3-space n = 3, the axis of a non-null proper rotation is always a unique line, and a rotation around this axis by angle θ has eigenvalues λ = 1, e iθ, e −iθ.

  9. Euclidean distance matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance_matrix

    For a n×n matrix A, a sequence of points ,, …, in k-dimensional Euclidean space ℝ k is called a realization of A in ℝ k if A is their Euclidean distance matrix. One can assume without loss of generality that x 1 = 0 {\displaystyle x_{1}=\mathbf {0} } (because translating by − x 1 {\displaystyle -x_{1}} preserves distances).