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[12] [15] The United States Food and Drug Administration has granted "breakthrough therapy" status, which expedites the potential approval of promising drug therapies, [note 2] to psychedelic therapies using psilocybin (for treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder) [6] and MDMA (for post-traumatic stress disorder). [17]
In accordance with this, drugs that affect 5-HT-containing cells or 5-HT receptors are effective treatments for numerous indications, including depression, anxiety, obesity, nausea, and migraine. Because serotonin and the related hormone melatonin are involved in promoting sleep, they counterbalance the wake-promoting action of increased ...
By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds found use as decongestants in the symptomatic treatment of colds and also occasionally as psychoactive agents. Their effects on the central nervous system are diverse, but can be summarized by three overlapping types of activity: psychoanaleptic , hallucinogenic and empathogenic .
[18] [19] Studies conducted using psilocybin in a psychotherapeutic setting reveal that psychedelic drugs may assist with treating depression, alcohol addiction, and nicotine addiction. [11] [20] Although further research is needed, existing results suggest that psychedelics could be effective treatments for certain forms of psychopathology.
This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification.
MDMA is often co-administered with alcohol, methamphetamine, and prescription drugs such as SSRIs with which MDMA has several drug-drug interactions. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Three life-threatening reports of MDMA co-administration with ritonavir have been reported; [ 57 ] with ritonavir having severe and dangerous drug-drug interactions with a ...
[171] More recently, experimental uses of LSD have included the treatment of alcoholism, [230] pain and cluster headache relief, [7] [231] [232] and prospective studies on depression. [ 233 ] A 2020 meta-review indicated possible positive effects of LSD in reducing psychiatric symptoms, mainly in cases of alcoholism. [ 234 ]
A 2012 meta-analysis of fluoxetine and venlafaxine concluded that statistically and clinically significant treatment effects were observed for each drug relative to placebo irrespective of baseline depression severity; some of the authors however disclosed substantial relationships with pharmaceutical industries. [14]