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Virus nanotechnology is the use of viruses as a source of nanoparticles for biomedical purposes. Viruses are made up of a genome and a capsid; and some viruses are enveloped. Most virus capsids measure between 20-500 nm in diameter. Because of their nanometer size dimensions, viruses have been considered as naturally occurring nanoparticles.
Mimivirus, short for "mimicking microbe", is so called to reflect its large size and apparent Gram-staining properties. [5] Mimivirus has a large and complex genome compared with most other viruses. Until 2013, when a larger virus Pandoravirus was described, it had the largest capsid diameter of all known viruses. [6]
50 nm – upper size for airborne virus particles; 50 nm – flying height of the head of a hard disk [78] 65 nm – the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured circa 2005–2006; 58 nm – height of a T7 bacteriophage; 90 nm – human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (generally, viruses range in size from 20 nm to 450 nm)
Size Reference Flatworm animal: Eucestoda: Tapeworm: length (maximum) 25 m: Eucestoda: Nematode animal: Loa loa: Loa loa: length (female) 20–70 mm: Loa loa: Arthropod animal: Cymothoa exigua: Tongue-eating louse: length (female) 8–29 mm: Cymothoa exigua: Nematode animal: Enterobius: Pinworm: length (female) 8–13 mm: Pinworm (parasite ...
While the exact criteria as defined in the scientific literature vary, giant viruses are generally described as viruses having large, pseudo-icosahedral capsids (200 to 400 nanometers in diameter) [4] that may be surrounded by a thick (approximately 100 nm) layer of filamentous protein fibers. The viruses have large, double-stranded DNA genomes ...
Viruses using both DNA and RNA in their replication (retroviruses) range in size from 7,040 to 12,195 nucleotides. [15] The smallest double-stranded DNA viruses are the hepadnaviruses such as hepatitis B , at 3.2 kb and 42 nm (4.2 × 10 −5 mm); parvoviruses have smaller capsids, at 18–26 nm (1.8 × 10 −5 –2.6 × 10 −5 mm), but larger ...
Viruses are assigned according to their similarity to known lab based strains—the ΦX174-like clade, G4-like clade and the α3-like clade. The ΦX174-like clade of microviridae have the smallest and least variable genomes (5,386–5,387 bp); the G4-like clade varies in size from 5,486 to 5,487 bp; while the largest genome sized group is the ...
Parvoviruses were discovered relatively late in comparison to other prominent virus families, potentially due to their small size. In the late 1950s [ 28 ] and 1960s, [ 29 ] a variety of animal parvoviruses were discovered, including minute virus of mice , [ 30 ] which has since been used extensively to study rolling hairpin replication. [ 31 ]