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Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle.
The nonmyelinating Schwann cells are a subgroup of the Schwann cells characterized by not forming myelin. [1]The group of nonmyelinating Schwann cells includes the terminal Schwann cells, present at neuromuscular junctions, the Schwann cells of Remak fibers (also called Remak Schwann cells) and the Schwann cells associated to sensory structures, like tactile corpuscles and lamellar corpuscles.
The cells adhere to the surface of the matrix in 2D layers. The supportive scaffolds are easily transplanted into the brain injury site because of the scaffold size. They provide a matrix promoting cell adhesion and aggregation, thus increasing increased healthy cell culture.
The inner mesaxon (Terminologia histologica: Mesaxon internum) is the connection between the myelin sheath and the inner part of the cell membrane of the Schwann cell, which is directly opposite the axolemma, i.e. the cell membrane of the nerve fibre ensheathed by the Schwann cell.
Calyx of Held microstructure. The calyx of Held is a particularly large excitatory synapse in the mammalian auditory nervous system, so named after Hans Held who first described it in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung [1] [2] because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. [3]
Perisynaptic schwann cells (also known as Terminal schwann cells or Teloglia) are neuroglia found at the Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with known functions in synaptic transmission, synaptogenesis, and nerve regeneration. [1] These cells share a common ancestor with both Myelinating and Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells called Neural Crest cells.
The axolemma is responsible for relaying signals between the neuron and it's Schwann Cells. These signals control the proliferative and myelin -producing functions of the Schwann Cells, and also partly play a role in the regulation of the size of the axon.
The first is oligodendrocyte, which can be found in the mammalian Central Nervous System (CNS). The second is Schwann cells, which are found in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Myelination of axons by these Schwann cells are essential for normal nerve function. Peripheral nerves rely on communication between axons and Schwaan cells. [2]
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