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Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children.
The Merina kings and queens who ruled over greater Madagascar in the 19th century were the descendants of a long line of hereditary Merina royalty originating with Andriamanelo, who is traditionally credited with founding Imerina in 1540. In 1883, France invaded the Merina Kingdom to establish a protectorate.
In the Center where repeated alliances among the Hova leaders (the andriana) (such as Andrianerinerina, Andriantomara and their descendants [60]) with the chiefs of Vazimba clans (such as Rafandrana and his descendants [63]) led to the Merina and Betsileo Kingdoms.
Distribution of Malagasy ethnic groups. Africa portal; Madagascar portal; The Malagasy (French: Malgache or Malagasy: Gasy [1]) are a group of Austronesian-speaking ethnic groups indigenous to the island country of Madagascar, formed through generations of interaction between Austronesians originally from southern Borneo and Bantus from Southeast Africa.
The Merina were probably the early arrivals, though this is uncertain and other ethnic groups on Madagascar consider them relative newcomers to the island. [12] The Merina people's culture likely mixed and merged with the Madagascar natives named Vazimba about whom little is known. [13]
Some Merina trace their genealogy back to a man named Ndrenavoavo or his sister Pelamana who, according to oral history, were the very first non-Vazimba people (i.e. second-wave settlers) to arrive in Madagascar. They are believed to be buried in a forest near Tsirendresaka.
The younger male family members are typically responsible for herding the family's cattle [19] and men of all ages work in the fields. Women assist with work in the fields and are also responsible for household tasks like cooking and fetching water, often assisted by their children and sometimes by their husband. [ 22 ]
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958) 6 August 1896 to 31 July 1897: Joseph Gallieni, Military Governor: 31 July 1897 to 11 May 1905: Joseph Gallieni, Governor-General: Served during the 1904–1905 uprising: 11 May 1905 to 1 January 1906: Charles Louis Lépreux, Acting Governor-General: 1 January 1906 to 13 December 1909: Victor ...