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There are many variations of this type of joint, and the basic mortise and tenon has two components: the mortise hole, and; the tenon tongue. The tenon, formed on the end of a member generally referred to as a rail, fits into a square or rectangular hole cut into the other, corresponding member. The tenon is cut to fit the mortise hole exactly.
A Phoenician joint (Latin: coagmenta punicana) is a locked mortise and tenon wood joinery technique used in shipbuilding to fasten watercraft hulls.The locked (or pegged) mortise and tenon technique consists of cutting a mortise, or socket, into the edges of two planks and fastening them together with a rectangular wooden knob.
The distinguishing feature is that the tenon and the mortise are cut to the full width of the tenon member. The corner bridle joint (also known as a slot mortise and tenon) joins two members at their respective ends, forming a corner. This form of the joint is commonly used to house a rail in uprights, such as legs.
The mortise is increased in size to receive a pair of folding wedges each side of the tenon. The hammer-headed key is used where there is no straight member to form the tenon. It is difficult to form a strong tenon on curved cut timber as the short grain there will weaken it, so two mortise sockets are formed one in each piece and a separate ...
However, due to the precision of fit required for a mortise and tenon joint, this can be a difficult and time-consuming task. Other tools such as a router could be used for the task, but the router usually requires special attachments, jigs or templates and the router bit leaves rounded corners that might need to be squared by hand with a chisel.
A mortise gauge has two pins that can be adjusted relative to each other at the end of the beam. This gauge is used to scribe two lines simultaneously and is most commonly used to lay out mortise and tenon joinery.