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A double burden (also called double day, second shift, and double duty [1]) is the workload of people who work to earn money, but who are also responsible for significant amounts of unpaid domestic labor. [2] This phenomenon is also known as the Second Shift as in Arlie Hochschild's book of the same name.
The "second shift" affected the couples, as they reported feelings of guilt and inadequacy, marital tension, and a lack of sexual interest and sleep. On the other hand, Hochschild shared the stories of a few men who equally shared the burden of domestic work and childcare with their wives, showing that while this scenario is uncommon, it is a ...
Arlie Russell Hochschild (/ ˈ h oʊ k ʃ ɪ l d /; born January 15, 1940) is an American professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley [1] and writer. . Hochschild has long focused on the human emotions that underlie moral beliefs, practices, and social life gen
This "second shift" has also been found to have physical effects as well. Women who engage in longer hours of work in pursuit of family balance often face increased mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Increased irritability, lower motivation and energy, and other emotional issues were also found to occur as well.
The Second Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrial development, primarily in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, but also in France, the Low Countries, Italy and Japan. It followed on from the First Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century that then spread throughout Western Europe.
This "second shift" refers to the unpaid work women take on in the private sphere—housework, cooking, cleaning, and caring for the family unit. [190] Economically, this restricts a women's ability to advance in her career due to her added (unpaid) responsibilities at home.
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Second-wave feminists viewed popular culture as sexist, and created pop culture of their own to counteract this. "One project of second wave feminism was to create 'positive' images of women, to act as a counterweight to the dominant images circulating in popular culture and to raise women's consciousness of their oppressions." [94]