Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Some beta blockers block activation of all types of β-adrenergic receptors and others are selective for one of the three known types of beta receptors, designated β 1, β 2 and β 3 receptors. [ 3 ] : 153 β 1 -adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the heart and in the kidneys.
Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [7] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [7] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [7] [8] It is taken by mouth. [7]
Beta 2 blockers cease action of beta-2 receptor by blocking the receptor and preventing it from being activated. [6] Similar to beta-1 receptor, the activated beta-2 receptor will lead to the detach of alpha subunit of Gs protein and attachment of adenylate cyclase. [6] Adenosine triphosphate(ATP), is then catalyzed to form cAMP.
For context, selective beta blockers typically are used for things like when chest pains start after the heart doesn’t get enough blood. On the other hand, non-selective beta blockers may be ...
Betaxolol is most commonly ingested orally alone or with other medications for the management of essential hypertension. [4] It is a cardioselective beta blocker, targeting beta-1 adrenergic receptors found in the cardiac muscle. Blood pressure is decreased by the mechanism of blood vessels relaxing and improving the flow of blood. [5] [6]
Alkyl (—CH 3) substituents on the α, β or γ carbon (if X = —OCH 2 —) lower beta blockade, especially at the α carbon; The general rule for aromatic substitution is: ortho > meta > para. This gives non-selective β-blockers. Large para-substituents usually decrease activity but large ortho-groups retain some activity.
You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
[12] [13] Other beta blockers are also used. [12] [13] However, the controversial yet possible phenomenon of "unopposed α-stimulation" with administration of selective beta blockers to block non-selective sympathomimetics potentially makes dual alpha-1 and beta blockers like labetalol and carvedilol more favorable for such purposes.