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Egg white is the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. In chickens , it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg. [ 1 ]
Hen egg white lysozyme is thermally stable, with a melting point reaching up to 72 °C at pH 5.0. [5] However, lysozyme in human milk loses activity very quickly at that temperature. [6] Hen egg white lysozyme maintains its activity in a large range of pH (6–9). [7] Its isoelectric point is 11.35. [8]
Avidin is a tetrameric biotin-binding protein produced in the oviducts of birds, reptiles and amphibians and deposited in the whites of their eggs. Dimeric members of the avidin family are also found in some bacteria. [1] In chicken egg white, avidin makes up approximately 0.05% of total protein (approximately 1800 μg per egg).
The egg yolk is suspended in the egg white by one or two spiral bands of tissue called the chalazae (from the Greek word χάλαζα, meaning 'hailstone' or 'hard lump'). The shape of a chicken egg resembles a prolate spheroid with one end larger than the other and has cylindrical symmetry along the long axis.
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches.
Ovalbumin (abbreviated OVA [1]) is the main protein found in egg white, making up approximately 55% of the total protein. [2] Ovalbumin displays sequence and three-dimensional homology to the serpin superfamily, but unlike most serpins it is not a serine protease inhibitor. [3]
The yolk makes up about 33% of the liquid weight of the egg; it contains about 60 kilocalories (250 kJ), three times the energy content of the egg white, mostly due to its fat content. [clarification needed] All of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) are found in the egg yolk. Egg yolk is one of the few foods naturally containing vitamin D.
Ovalbumin is a storage protein in egg white (albumen). It is a serpin. Lactalbumin, or whey protein, is a protein fraction of milk. It is mainly Beta-lactoglobulin, although serum albumin also comprises a small part of it. Some plant seeds, including hemp, encode "2S albumins". These are named for their egg-like coagulation property. [11]