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The cervix (pl.: cervices) or cervix uteri is a dynamic fibromuscular sexual organ of the female reproductive system that connects the vagina with the uterine cavity. [1] The human female cervix has been documented anatomically since at least the time of Hippocrates , over 2,000 years ago.
The cervical canal is generally lined by "endocervical mucosa" which consists of a single layer of mucinous columnar epithelium. However, after menopause, the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal, and hence the distal part of the cervical canal may be lined by stratified squamous epithelium (conforming to a "type 3 transformation zone").
Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix or in any layer of the wall of the cervix. [2] It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that can invade or spread to other parts of the body. [12] Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. [2] Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. [2]
The cervix is the neck of the uterus, the lower, narrow portion where it joins with the upper part of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall. Approximately half its length is visible, the remainder lies above the vagina beyond view.
Cervical cancer is a type of gynecological cancer that begins from cells lining the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. [14] Cervical cancer begins when the cells that line the cervix become abnormal and grow in a pattern that is atypical for non-cancerous cells. [14] Cervical cancer is typically first identified with an abnormal pap smear. [14]
Most HPV infections of the cervix are cleared rapidly by the immune system and do not progress to cervical cancer (see below the Clearance subsection in Virology). Because the process of transforming normal cervical cells into cancerous ones is slow, cancer occurs in people having been infected with HPV for a long time, usually over a decade or ...
of or pertaining to the female cervix: i.e., the neck of the uterus. Commonly used medical phrases involving the neck are cervical collar; cervical disc (intervertebral disc) cervical lymph nodes; cervical nerves; cervical vertebrae; cervical rib; Phrases that involve the uterine cervix include cervical cancer; cervical smear or Pap smear; In ...
Histologically, the cervix undergoes significant changes towards the end of gestation, allowing the ripening of cervix for the passage of birth delivery. First, there is an increase in the cervical synthesis of glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), which increases tissue hydration, thereby catalyzing the degradation of collagen and elastin-fibers.