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Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This eye toxicity limits long-term use of the drugs. [3]
Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth, often in the form of hydroxychloroquine sulfate. [3]
While the usual dose of chloroquine used in treatment is 10 mg/kg, toxicity begins to occur at 20 mg/kg, and death may occur at 30 mg/kg. [24] In children as little as a single tablet can be fatal. [25] [16] Treatment recommendations include early mechanical ventilation, cardiac monitoring, and activated charcoal. [24]
A World Health Organization infographic that states that hydroxychloroquine does not prevent illness or death from COVID-19. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [1] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [2]
In a review of 65 individuals with cSLE caused by the drugs cited in the above section "Drug", discontinuing the responsible drug in 100% of cases and treatment with a glucocorticoid in 53.3% of cases, hydroxychloroquine in 8.4% of cases, and cyclophosphamide in 3.3% of cases resulted in improvements in 92.0% of the 63 individuals available for ...
Nearly 12 years ago, Jessie Owen's life changed forever. Motor vehicle accidents account for the majority of spinal cord injuries and are closely followed by falls, acts of violence and sports ...
In particular, quinoline-type drugs are known to be ototoxic. Examples include chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine which are quinine-like. Apart from antimalarial effects, these drugs are also used in the treatment of other diseases such as dermatological, immunological, rheumatological, and severe infectious diseases. [25]
Some troops leave the battlefield injured. Others return from war with mental wounds. Yet many of the 2 million Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffer from a condition the Defense Department refuses to acknowledge: Moral injury.