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Rifling of a 105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 tank gun Conventional rifling of a 90 mm M75 cannon (production year 1891, Austria-Hungary) Rifling in a GAU-8 autocannon. Rifling is the term for helical grooves machined into the internal surface of a firearms's barrel for imparting a spin to a projectile to improve its aerodynamic stability and accuracy.
The caliber is the diameter of the barrel. The twist is the direction of the striations left by the barrel's rifling, clockwise (right-handed) or counterclockwise (left-handed). Most barrels will have a right-handed twist with the exception of weapons created by the Colt's Manufacturing Company which uses left-handed twists.
Conventional eight groove rifling on the left, and octagonal polygonal rifling on the right. Polygonal rifling (/ p ə ˈ l ɪ ɡ ə n əl / pə-LIG-ə-nəl) is a type of gun barrel rifling where the traditional sharp-edged "lands and grooves" are replaced by less pronounced "hills and valleys", so the barrel bore has a polygonal (usually hexagonal or octagonal) cross-sectional profile.
Obturation is the necessary barrel blockage or fit in a firearm or airgun created by a deformed soft projectile. [1] A bullet or pellet made of soft material and often with a concave base will flare under the heat and pressure of firing, filling the bore and engaging the barrel's rifling.
The companies that use polygonal rifling claim greater accuracy, lower friction, and less lead and/or copper buildup in the barrel. Traditional land and groove rifling is used in most competition firearms, however, so the advantages of polygonal rifling are unproven. There are four methods of rifling a barrel:
Double rifle: A rifle that has two barrels, usually of the same caliber. Like shotguns, they are configured either in over-and-under or side-by-side. Drilling: A firearm with three barrels (from the German word drei for three). Typically it has two shotgun barrels in a side-by-side configuration on the top, with a single rifle barrel underneath.