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For example, the acid may be acetic acid and the salt may be sodium acetate. The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant, K a of the acid, and the concentrations of the species in solution. [6]
Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. [1]The ratio of acid, AH and conjugate base, A −, concentrations varies as the difference between the pH and the pK a varies, in accordance with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
List of equations in classical mechanics; Table of thermodynamic equations; List of equations in wave theory; List of electromagnetism equations; List of relativistic equations; List of equations in fluid mechanics; List of equations in gravitation; List of photonics equations; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of equations in ...
That is, when several buffers are present together in the same solution, they are all exposed to the same hydrogen ion activity. Hence, the pK of each buffer will dictate the ratio of the concentrations of its base and weak acid forms at the given pH, in accordance with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, which is derived from the law of mass action, can be modified with respect to the bicarbonate buffer system to yield a simpler equation that provides a quick approximation of the H + or HCO − 3 concentration without the need to calculate logarithms: [7]
Lawrence Henderson was born in Lynn, Massachusetts the son of a business man Joseph Henderson and his wife. He entered Harvard at the age of 16 in 1894. His father was a ship chandler whose principal business was located in nearby Salem, but who also conducted business in Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a French Overseas collectivity off the coast of Canada.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
For example, Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is a weak acid (its pKa value is 5.0). The gastric juice has a pH of 2.0. It is a three-fold difference (due to log scale) between its pH and its pKa; therefore there is a 1000× difference between the charged and uncharged concentrations.