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When the power source delivers current, the measured voltage output is lower than the no-load voltage; the difference is the voltage drop (the product of current and resistance) caused by the internal resistance. The concept of internal resistance applies to all kinds of electrical sources and is useful for analyzing many types of circuits.
In this type the resistance varies with the applied voltage or current. Negative resistance vs positive resistance: If the I–V curve has a positive slope (increasing to the right) throughout, it represents a positive resistance. An I–V curve that is nonmonotonic (having peaks and valleys) represents a device which has negative resistance.
An electromechanical or electronic device that detects faults on a power system and can signal circuit breakers to operate. proximity effect The increase in circuit resistance when the magnetic fields of multiple AC currents interact. pulse transformer A transformer designed to create or transmit pulses. pulse-width modulation
The role of the base resistor is to expand the very small transistor input voltage range (about 0.7 V) to the logical "1" level (about 3.5 V) by converting the input voltage into current. Its resistance is settled by a compromise: it is chosen low enough to saturate the transistor and high enough to obtain high input resistance.
The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p ...
An electronic circuit can usually be categorized as an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a mixed-signal circuit (a combination of analog circuits and digital circuits). The most widely used semiconductor device in electronic circuits is the MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor). [3]
No physical current source is ideal. For example, no physical current source can operate when applied to an open circuit. There are two characteristics that define a current source in real life. One is its internal resistance and the other is its compliance voltage. The compliance voltage is the maximum voltage that the current source can ...
A microscope image of an integrated circuit die used to control LCDs.The pinouts are the dark circles surrounding the integrated circuit.. An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. [1]