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Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse product which forms part of the larger cloud-computing platform Amazon Web Services. [1] It is built on top of technology from the massive parallel processing (MPP) data warehouse company ParAccel (later acquired by Actian ), [ 2 ] to handle large scale data sets and database migrations .
Cloud-based data warehouses like Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics and Snowflake Inc. have been able to provide highly scalable computing power. This lets businesses forgo preload transformations and replicate raw data into their data warehouses, where it can transform them as needed using SQL .
BigQuery is a managed, serverless data warehouse product by Google, offering scalable analysis over large quantities of data. It is a Platform as a Service that supports querying using a dialect of SQL. It also has built-in machine learning capabilities. BigQuery was announced in May 2010 and made generally available in November 2011. [1]
Dremel is the query engine used in Google's BigQuery service. [1] Dremel is the inspiration for Apache Drill, [2] Apache Impala, [3] and Dremio, [4] an Apache licensed platform that includes a distributed SQL execution engine. In 2020, Dremel won the Test of Time award [5] at the VLDB 2020 conference, recognizing the innovations it pioneered. [6]
Recursive CTEs can be used to traverse relations (as graphs or trees) although the syntax is much more involved because there are no automatic pseudo-columns created (like LEVEL below); if these are desired, they have to be created in the code.
[10] [11] [12] Google states that they wanted more control in order to open source the language and allow third parties to take better advantage of its code; [10] Oracle states that Sun refused because Google's intention was essentially to fork Java to a Google version of the language, and to prevent it being inter-operable with other versions ...
Determining the redshift of an object in this way requires a frequency or wavelength range. In order to calculate the redshift, one has to know the wavelength of the emitted light in the rest frame of the source: in other words, the wavelength that would be measured by an observer located adjacent to and comoving with the source.
The redshift z is often described as a redshift velocity, which is the recessional velocity that would produce the same redshift if it were caused by a linear Doppler effect (which, however, is not the case, as the velocities involved are too large to use a non-relativistic formula for Doppler shift).