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Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin are present in the thoracic ganglia of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. [54] Both morphine and naloxone affect the estuarine crab (Neohelice granulata) in a similar way to their effects on vertebrates: injections of morphine produce a dose-dependent reduction of their defensive response to an electric shock. [55]
In the British Isles, it is generally referred to as the shore crab, or green shore crab. In North America and South Africa , it bears the name European green crab . C. maenas is a widespread invasive species , listed among the 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species . [ 2 ]
Leptograpsodes octodentatus, known as the burrowing shore crab, [4] is a species of crab in the superfamily Grapsoidea, [5] It is the only species in the genus Leptograpsodes, [2] and the family Leptograpsodidae.
Hemigrapsus takanoi, the brush-clawed shore crab or Asian shore crab, is a small crab of the family Varunidae (formerly classified as Grapsidae) that lives on rocky shores surrounding the Pacific Ocean, and which is invasive along the European coastlines. This crab is omnivorous and eats small fish, invertebrates and algae.
Helopgrapsus haswellianus, or Haswell’s shore crab, is the sole species of crab in the genus Helograpsus. It lives in river mouths and bays on the eastern coast of Australia (South Australia to Queensland, and Tasmania). [2] The carapace is strongly convex with one distinct notch behind the eye. Adult males have larger claws than adult females.
Pachygrapsus crassipes, the striped shore crab or lined shore crab, is a small crab found on both rocky and hard-mud soft seashores of the northeastern and northwestern Pacific Ocean. In North America, this species occurs from central Oregon, south through California to near Ensenada, Baja California , Mexico .
The green crab (Carcinus maenas) is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate that can live in salt and brackish water. Euryhaline organisms are commonly found in habitats such as estuaries and tide pools where the salinity changes regularly.
Carcinus maenas. C. maenas is among the 100 "world's worst alien invasive species".It is native to the northeast Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea, but has colonised similar habitats in Australia, South Africa, South America, and both Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America.