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Regeneration starts following an injury that require the growth of a new tissue. [26] Neoblasts localized near the injury site proliferate to generate a structure of differentiating cells called blastema. Neoblasts are required for new cell production, and they therefore provide the cellular basis for planarian regeneration. [27]
The study of neoblasts helps uncover the mechanisms and functioning of stem cells and tissue degeneration. Planarians can regenerate any body part from small pieces in a few days and have many adult stem cells. They are easy to culture and grown to large populations. Their proteins are similar to human proteins.
Planaria is a genus of planarians in the family Planariidae. Due to its excellent ability to regenerate, species of Planaria has also been used as model organisms in regeneration studies. [ 1 ] When an individual is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed individual. [ 2 ]
Planarian flatworms have both sexually and asexually reproducing types. Studies on genus Schmidtea mediterranea suggest these planarians appear to regenerate (i.e. heal) indefinitely, and asexual individuals have an "apparently limitless [telomere] regenerative capacity fueled by a population of highly proliferative adult stem cells". [30]
The Caudata ("urodeles"; salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. [2] The regeneration of organs is a common and widespread adaptive capability among metazoan creatures ...
On the other hand, most have ciliated touch-sensor cells scattered over their bodies, especially on tentacles and around the edges. Specialized cells in pits or grooves on the head are most likely smell sensors. [13] Planarians, a subgroup of seriates, are famous for their ability to regenerate if divided by cuts across their bodies ...
Planaria torva is a species of planarian in the family Planariidae. [1] When an individual is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed individual. [ 2 ]
This regeneration uses the interaction of several sets of Hox genes, as well as blastema formation. All of the Hox genes concerned in epimorphosis are present in the abdominal area of the worm, but not in the anterior portion. However, the genes do not, themselves, direct the anterior-posterior patterning of the worm's thorax. [20]