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A beacon frame consists of an 802.11 MAC header, a body and a frame check sequence (FCS). [1] Some of the fields in the body are listed below. Timestamp After receiving the beacon frame all the stations change their local clocks to this time. This helps with synchronization. Beacon interval This is the time interval between beacon transmissions.
Since beacon frames are sent using the mandatory 802.11 algorithm for carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), the access point must wait if a client device is sending a frame when the beacon is to be sent. As a result, the actual time between beacons may be longer than the beacon interval.
All stations in the IBSS adopt a common value, aBeaconPeriod, that defines the length of beacon intervals or periods. This value, established by the station that initiates the IBSS, defines a series of Target Beacon Transmission Times (TBTTs) exactly aBeaconPeriod time units apart. Time zero is defined to be a TBTT.
The data frame expands the regular interval between two beacons. Under a PLCA scheme all nodes are assigned unique sequential numbers (IDs) in the range from 0 to N. Zero ID corresponds to a special "master" node that during the idle intervals transmits the synchronization beacon (a special heartbeat frame).
However, an 802.11 wireless network handles multicast traffic differently, depending on the configuration of delivery traffic indication message (DTIM), and beacon interval settings. If no stations within the basic service set are in power save mode, multicast packets are sent immediately when they arrive. If there are one or more stations in ...
Due to the priority of PCF over DCF, stations that only use DCF might not gain access to the medium. To prevent this, a repetition interval has been designed to cover both (Contention free) PCF & (Contention Based) DCF traffic. The repetition interval which is repeated continuously, starts with a special control frame called Beacon Frame.
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AIFS is a time interval between frames being transmitted under the IEEE 802.11e EDCA MAC. It depends on the Access Category and generally depends on the AIFSN, or AIFS-number. AIFS is defined by the formula AIFSN[AC] * ST + SIFS, where the AIFSN depends on the Access Category.