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Thyrotoxicosis factitia (alimentary thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis) [1] [2] is a condition of thyrotoxicosis caused by the ingestion [3] of exogenous thyroid hormone. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It can be the result of mistaken ingestion of excess drugs, such as levothyroxine [ 6 ] and triiodothyronine , [ 7 ] or as a symptom of Munchausen syndrome .
Many of these individuals have underlying primary causes of hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease, toxic multi-nodular goiter, solitary toxic adenoma, or amiodarone). However, thyroid storm can occur in individuals with unrecognized thyrotoxicosis experiencing non-thyroid surgery, labor, infection, or exposure to certain medications and ...
Hyperthyroidism increases the levels of catecholamines (such as adrenaline) in the blood, increasing Na + /K +-ATPase activity. [5] The enzyme activity is then increased further by the precipitating causes. For instance, increased carbohydrate intake leads to increased insulin levels; this is known to activate Na + /K +-ATPase.
Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [ 5 ] Signs and symptoms vary between people and may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat , heat intolerance , diarrhea ...
This causes the receptor to activate even without TSH being present and causes the thyroid to produce and release excess thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). [4] Another common form of autoimmune thyroid disease is Hashimoto's thyroiditis where the body produces antibodies against different normal components of the thyroid gland, most commonly ...
In critical illness, inflammation increases tanycyte D2 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, leading to local tissue hyperthyroidism. There may also be decreased central D3. [3] [5] This causes negative feedback on the HPT axis, and therefore reduced TRH gene expression in the PVN. This is exemplified by the common NTIS ...
Nontoxic nodular goiter also known as a nontoxic goiter is an enlarged thyroid without hyperthyroidism. [1] It is often present for years before toxic nodular goiter occurs. [1] In the United States it is the most common cause of a large thyroid affecting between 3 and 5% of the population. [2]
primary hyperthyroidism: Inappropriate secretion of thyroid hormones, e.g. in case of Graves' disease. secondary hyperthyroidism: Rare condition, e.g. in case of TSH producing pituitary adenoma or partial thyroid hormone resistance. Thyrotoxicosis: Over-supply with thyroid hormones, e.g. by overdosed exogenously levothyroxine supplementation.