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The p-xylene is then separated out in a series of distillation, adsorption or crystallization and reaction processes from the m-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Its melting point is the highest among this series of isomers, but simple crystallization does not allow easy purification due to the formation of eutectic mixtures.
p-Xylene is the principal precursor to terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate, both monomers used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and polyester clothing. 98% of p-xylene production, and half of all xylenes produced is consumed in this manner. [10] [14] o-Xylene is an important precursor to phthalic ...
for p-Xylene/carbon tetrachloride [6] P = 760 mm Hg BP Temp. °C % by mole carbon tetrachloride liquid vapor 136.4: 1.7: 5.9 131.1: 6.3: 21.6 126.2: 11.1: 34.9 121.8 ...
Xylene is often used in paints, glues, pesticides and cleaning agents. Xylene also is used in the plastics, chemical and synthetic fiber industries. As a vapor, xylene is heavier than air, so it ...
A hydrotrope is a compound that solubilizes hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions by means other than micellar solubilization.Typically, hydrotropes consist of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part (similar to surfactants), but the hydrophobic part is generally too small to cause spontaneous self-aggregation.
In the Amoco process, which is widely adopted worldwide, terephthalic acid is produced by catalytic oxidation of p-xylene: [12] The process uses a cobalt–manganese–bromide catalyst. The bromide source can be sodium bromide, hydrogen bromide or tetrabromoethane. Bromine functions as a regenerative source of free radicals.
p-Xylene 0.861 m-Xylene 0.864 Toluene 0.867 Dimethoxyethane 0.868 Benzene ... The advantage of using sodium/benzophenone is that moisture and oxygen are removed as well.
Despite the observed chemistry of para-xylylene (i.e. its rapid polymerization to poly-p-xylylene), which suggests the compound exists as a diradical, physical evidence unanimously concludes that the lowest electronic state of p-xylylene is a closed shell singlet. Additionally, several computational methods confirm this assignment. [13]