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An electric discharge in the tube causes the mercury atoms to emit mostly ultraviolet light. The tube is lined with a coating of a fluorescent material, called the phosphor, which absorbs ultraviolet light and re-emits visible light. Fluorescent lighting is more energy-efficient than incandescent lighting elements.
A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, to produce ultraviolet and make a phosphor coating in the lamp glow.
Fluorescent materials are used in applications in which the phosphor is excited continuously: cathode-ray tubes (CRT) and plasma video display screens, fluoroscope screens, fluorescent lights, scintillation sensors, white LEDs, and luminous paints for black light art.
However, timescale is still only a general distinction, as there are slow-emitting fluorescent materials, for example uranyl salts, and, likewise, some phosphorescent materials like zinc sulfide (in violet) are very fast. Scientifically, the phenomena are classified by the different mechanisms that produce the light, as materials that ...
Fluorescent sea dye. Fluorescent dyes find a wide use in industry, going under the name of "neon colors", such as: Multi-ton scale usages in textile dyeing and optical brighteners in laundry detergents; Advanced cosmetic formulations; Safety equipment and clothing; Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) Fine arts and design (posters and paintings)
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A simplified Jablonski diagram illustrating the change of energy levels.. The principle behind fluorescence is that the fluorescent moiety contains electrons which can absorb a photon and briefly enter an excited state before either dispersing the energy non-radiatively or emitting it as a photon, but with a lower energy, i.e., at a longer wavelength (wavelength and energy are inversely ...
Many highly efficient TADF materials contain multiple carbazole groups as electron donors and, for example, incorporate electron acceptors, like triazines, sulfoxides, benzophenones, and spiro-based groups. The table below shows several examples of these compounds that have been reported to yield high efficiencies and relatively small ΔE ST.