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Laminaria was harvested for food and 1949 yielded 40.3 metric tons of dry weight. [9] Laminaria need cold water to survive and can only live above 36° N latitude. [citation needed] In 1949, the Chinese started to commercially grow laminaria as a crop. This increased the production of dry weight to 6,200 metric tons.
A strong stem secures the plant among sublittoral rocks, the stem can reach 0.5 meters in length, attached to a strong, fibrous holdfast. The blade of the plant is narrow and long, substantially so more than the stem. The blade of the Laminaria agardhii grows to be approximately 30 cm in width, and 3 meters in length.
Laminaria hyperborea is a species of large brown alga, a kelp in the family Laminariaceae, also known by the common names of tangle and cuvie. It is found in the sublittoral zone of the northern Atlantic Ocean. A variety, Laminaria hyperborea f. cucullata (P.Svensden & J.M.Kain, 1971) is known from more wave sheltered areas in Scandinavia. [2]
Gerasimenko, N.I.; Martyyas, E.A; Busarova, N.G (November 2012). "Composition of lipids and biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments from algae of the families Laminariaceae and Alariaceae".
Laminaria digitata. Laminaria digitata is a tough, leathery, dark brown seaweed that grows to 2 or 3 metres (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 or 10 ft) long. The holdfast which anchors it to the rock is conical and has a number of spreading root-like protrusions called rhizoids.
The thalli are ribbon-like and grow to a length of about 1 m (3 ft) and width of 3 cm (1.2 in) with a smooth surface and entire edges. They grow on short, cylindrical stipes some 10 cm (4 in) long and 5 mm (0.2 in) wide containing many mucilage ducts. [2]
Saccharina latissima is a yellowish brown colour with a long narrow, undivided blade that can grow to 5 metres (16 ft) long and 20 centimetres (8 in) wide. The central band is dimpled while the margins are smoother with a wavy edge, this is to cause greater water movement around the blades to aid in gas exchange.
The stipe supports an undivided blade, averages out to a length of 241 centimeters, width of 68 centimeters, and thickness of 0.65 centimeters. The holdfast which attaches Laminaria abyssalis to the rhodolith bed it resides in has an average of 4 root-like extensions, each averaging to 13.5 centimeters in length. [3]