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They cannot be reliably differentiated from low grade papillary urothelial carcinomas using cytology, [1] and their diagnosis (vis-a-vis low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma) has a poor inter-rater reliability. [2] Pathologic grading and staging tumors are: graded by the degree of cellular atypia (G1->G3), and staged: [citation needed ...
Transitional cell carcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from the transitional epithelium, a tissue lining the inner surface of these hollow organs. [1] It typically occurs in the urothelium of the urinary system; in that case, it is also called urothelial carcinoma.
The most common type is papillary urothelial carcinoma. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Risk factors suggested include prolonged irritations of the urethra due to urinary catheterization , chronic inflammation due to infection, radiation, diverticula of the urethra , and urethral strictures.
Bladder tumors are classified by their appearance under the microscope, and by their cell type of origin. Over 90% of bladder tumors arise from the cells that form the bladder's inner lining, called urothelial cells or transitional cells; the tumor is then classified as urothelial cancer or transitional cell cancer.
Invasive urothelial carcinoma is a type of transitional cell carcinoma. It is a type of cancer that develops in the urinary system: the kidney , urinary bladder , and accessory organs. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ureter , urethra , renal pelvis , the ureters , the bladder , and parts ...
Should the transitional cell carcinoma grow toward the inner surface of the bladder via finger-like projections, it is known as papillary carcinoma. Otherwise, it is known as flat carcinoma. [ 11 ] Either form can transition from non-invasive to invasive by spreading into the muscle layers of the bladder.
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