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Phenylephrine is a selective α 1-adrenergic receptor agonist with minimal to no β-adrenergic receptor agonist activity or induction of norepinephrine release. [5] [8] [15] It causes constriction of both arteries and veins. [12] Phenylephrine was patented in 1933 [16] and came into medical use in 1938. [17] It is available as a generic medication.
Phenylephrine has been sold for more than 75 years, predating the agency’s own regulations on drug effectiveness. “It is the FDA’s role to ensure that drugs are safe and effective,” Dr. ...
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) refers to the intravenous administration of anesthetic agents to induce a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. The first study of TIVA was done in 1872 using chloral hydrate , [ 1 ] and the common anesthetic agent propofol was licensed in 1986.
The Meyer-Overton correlation for anaesthetics. A nonspecific mechanism of general anaesthetic action was first proposed by Emil Harless and Ernst von Bibra in 1847. [9] They suggested that general anaesthetics may act by dissolving in the fatty fraction of brain cells and removing fatty constituents from them, thus changing activity of brain cells and inducing anaesthesia.
Phenylephrine is the main ingredient used in products like Benadryl Allergy Plus Congestion, Sudafed PE and Vicks Sinex. The ingredient is considered safe to use; that was not up for debate.
Oral phenylephrine is ineffective and “should almost never be used,” said Dr. Purvi Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at Allergy & Asthma Associates of Murray Hill in New York City.
This procedure is used where general anesthesia must be induced before the patient has had time to fast long enough to empty the stomach; where the patient has a condition that makes aspiration more likely during induction of anesthesia, regardless of how long they have fasted (such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or advanced pregnancy); or where the patient has become unable to protect ...
In balanced anesthesia, appropriate agents are used in combination, at carefully-calibrated levels. [3] [4] The concept of balanced anesthesia was first introduced by John Silas Lundy in 1926 [5] and has since become the predominant method of anesthesia in modern medical practice. [1]
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