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Fresco showing a piece of bread and two figs, from Pompeii, Naples National Archaeological Museum. Bread was a staple food in the Roman world. From 123 BC, a ration of unmilled wheat (as much as 33 kg), known as the frumentatio, was distributed to as many as 200,000 people every month by the Roman state. [15]
Roman cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices of the Italian city of Rome. It features fresh, seasonal and simply-prepared ingredients from the Roman Campagna . [ 1 ] These include peas , globe artichokes and fava beans , shellfish, milk-fed lamb and goat , and cheeses such as pecorino romano and ricotta . [ 2 ]
Roman food vendors and farmers' markets sold meats, fish, cheeses, produce, olive oil and spices; and pubs, bars, inns and food stalls sold prepared food. Bread was an important part of the Roman diet, with more well-to-do people eating wheat bread and poorer people eating that made from barley.
Although garum was a staple of the Roman Empire's cuisine, few production sites are known to have existed in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 2019 a small 1st-century factory was discovered near Ashkelon. [27] A 2013 storm uncovered Neapolis, a major center of garum production, at Nabeul in Tunisia. [28]
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Once a popular dish among the poorest inhabitants of Rome, trippa alla romana has become a staple of Roman cuisine.It is part of quinto quarto (lit. ' fifth quarter ', or the offal of butchered animals), [1] a type of cuisine born from poor, peasant kitchens.
The Apicius manuscript (ca. 900 CE) of the monastery of Fulda in Germany, which was acquired in 1929 by the New York Academy of Medicine. Apicius, also known as De re culinaria or De re coquinaria (On the Subject of Cooking), is a collection of Roman cookery recipes, which may have been compiled in the fifth century CE, [1] or earlier.
Banqueting scene from the House of the Chaste Lovers, Pompeii, IX.12.6. In Ancient Roman culture, cena [1] or coena [2] was the main meal of the day.The grammarian, Sextus Pompeius Festus, preserved in his De verborum significatione that in earlier times, cena was held midday but later began to be held in evenings, with prandium replacing the noon meal. [3]