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The history of dental treatments dates back to thousands of years. [1] [2] The scope of this article is limited to the pre-1981 history.The earliest known example of dental caries manipulation is found in a Paleolithic man, dated between 14,160 and 13,820 BP. [3]
An infected tooth from Italy partially cleaned with flint tools, between 13,820 and 14,160 years old, represents the oldest known dentistry, [33] although a 2017 study suggests that 130,000 years ago the Neanderthals already used rudimentary dentistry tools. [34]
Dentistry developed during the early parts of Roman history, which may be due to the arrival of a Greek doctor named Archagathus. Ancient Roman oral surgical tools included the curettes, osteotomes, cauteries, scalpels, bone forceps, [1] and bone levers. [2] The ancient Romans invented the usage of narcotics during dental surgery.
Known in all cultures, the toothpick is the oldest instrument for dental cleaning. Hominin remains from Dmanisi, Georgia, dated to about 1.8 million years ago, bear lesions indicating the repeated use of a “toothpick”.
The dentist or dental auxiliary use dental mirrors to view a mirror image of the teeth in locations of the mouth where visibility is difficult or impossible. They also are used for reflecting light onto desired surfaces, and for retraction of soft tissues to improve access or vision.
The following table attempts to list the oldest-known Paleolithic and Paleo-Indian sites where hominin tools have been found. It includes sites where compelling evidence of hominin tool use has been found, even if no actual tools have been found. Stone tools preserve more readily than tools of many other materials.
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In 1864, British dentist George Fellows Harrington invented a clockwork dental drill named Erado. [13] The device was much faster than earlier drills, but also very noisy. In 1868, American dentist George F. Green came up with a pneumatic dental drill powered by pedal-operated bellows. James B. Morrison devised a pedal-powered burr drill in 1871.