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An HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family. [8] [9] Over 200 types have been described. [10] An individual can become infected with more than one type of HPV, [11] and the disease is only known to affect humans.
In most cases, there are no symptoms of HPV infection other than the warts themselves. Sometimes warts may cause itching, redness, or discomfort, especially when they occur around the anus. Although they are usually without other physical symptoms, an outbreak of genital warts may cause psychological distress, such as anxiety, in some people. [15]
A range of types of wart have been identified, varying in shape and site affected, as well as the type of human papillomavirus involved. [6] [7] These include: Common wart (verruca vulgaris), [8] a raised wart with a roughened surface, most common on hands, but can grow anywhere on the body. Sometimes known as a Palmer wart or Junior wart.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention is a vital concept from a public and community health perspective. HPV is the sexually transmitted virus that is known to be the cause of genital warts. There are currently more than 100 different strains of HPV, half of which can cause genital infections. [1]
Vulvar cancer can be split up into two types. One starts as an infection by human papillomavirus, which leads to vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and potentially on to vulvar cancer. [40] This is most common in younger women, predominantly under the age of 40. [40] The second type is vulvar non-neoplastic epithelial disorders (VNED).
In women over the age of 65, screening may be discontinued if no abnormal screening results were seen within the previous 10 years and no history of CIN2 or higher exists. [83] [84] [85] HPV vaccination status does not change screening rates. [84] A number of recommended options exist for screening those 30 to 65. [86]
When used without context, it frequently refers to infections (squamous cell papilloma) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), such as warts. Human papillomavirus infection is a major cause of cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penis cancer, anal cancer, and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers.
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. [1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", [2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, [2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.