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The paired submandibular glands (historically known as submaxillary glands) are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth.In adult humans, they each weigh about 15 grams and contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their contribution decreases in proportion as parotid gland secretion rises to 50%. [1]
The most common causes of enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes are infections of the head, neck, ears, eyes, nasal sinuses, pharynx, and scalp. [1] The lymph glands may be affected by metastatic spread of cancers of the oral cavity, anterior portion of the nasal cavity, soft tissues of the mid-face, and submandibular salivary gland. [1]
The submental lymph nodes (or suprahyoid lymph nodes [citation needed]) are 2-3 lymph nodes [1] situated in the submental triangle, [1] between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone. [2]
The submandibular duct (also Wharton's duct or historically submaxillary duct) is one of the salivary excretory ducts. It is about 5 cm long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It drains saliva from each bilateral submandibular gland and sublingual gland to the sublingual caruncle in the floor of the mouth.
A hump of tissue near the base of the tongue houses a series of saliva gland ducts. The two largest ducts are called Wharton's Ducts and they empty the submandibular (submaxillary) and sublingual salivary glands into a small prominence on either side of the frenulum, the sublingual caruncle .
The following summarizes the important structures found in the submandibular triangle: 1. The external and internal carotid artery; 2. The internal jugular vein; 3. The deep cervical lymph nodes; 4. The 10th cranial nerve ( Vagus Nerve ) 5. The submandibular gland; 6. The submandibular lymph nodes; 7. The Facial artery and vein; 8.
A mucous membrane – the oral mucosa, lines the sides and under surface of the tongue to the gums, and lines the inner aspect of the jaw . It receives secretions from the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
The facial lymph nodes comprise three groups: (a) infraorbital or maxillary, scattered over the infraorbital region from the groove between the nose and cheek to the zygomatic arch;