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Gold compounds are compounds by the element gold (Au). Although gold is the most noble of the noble metals , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] it still forms many diverse compounds. The oxidation state of gold in its compounds ranges from −1 to +5, but Au(I) and Au(III) dominate its chemistry.
Fulminating gold – a number of gold based explosives which "fulminate", or detonate easily. – gold hydrazide, formed by adding ammonia to the auric hydroxide. When dry, can explode on concussion. – an unstable gold carbonate formed by precipitation by potash from gold dissolved in aqua regia. Galena – lead(II) sulfide. Lead ore.
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Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin , it is one of only two gold compounds currently employed in modern medicine.
Organogold chemistry is the study of compounds containing gold–carbon bonds. They are studied in academic research, but have not received widespread use otherwise. The dominant oxidation states for organogold compounds are I with coordination number 2 and a linear molecular geometry and III with CN = 4 and a square planar molecular geometry.
Gold(I) sulfide, Au 2 S. Formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with gold(I) compounds. Gold(III) sulfide, Au 2 S 3, claimed material but unsubstantiated. Gold tellurides: Au 2 Te 3, Au 3 Te 5, and AuTe 2 (approximate formulas) are known as non-stoichiometric compounds. They show metallic conductivity. Au 3 Te 5 is a superconductor at 1.62 K. [1]
Gold(III) chloride is the starting point for the chemical synthesis of many other gold compounds. For example, the reaction with potassium cyanide produces the water-soluble complex, K[Au(CN) 4]: [20] AuCl 3 + 4 KCN → K[Au(CN) 4] + 3 KCl. Gold(III) fluoride can be also produced from gold(III) chloride by reacting it with bromine trifluoride. [15]
AuAl 2 is the most thermally stable species of the Au–Al intermetallic compounds, with a melting point of 1060 °C (see phase diagram), which is similar to the melting point of pure gold. AuAl 2 can react with Au, therefore is often replaced by Au 2 Al, a tan-colored substance, which forms at composition of 93% of Au and 7% of Al by mass.