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This sort of revenue is made by giving someone access to an asset, which can be a product or a service. [15] The key difference to a subscription fee is that this asset still belongs to the company. Common examples include car rentals or hardware leasing. This revenue stream also belongs to the recurring revenue model.
A revenue stream is an amount of money that a business gets from a particular source. [8] A revenue model describes how a business generates revenue streams from its products and services. [9] They are resultantly a key aspect of the revenue model. They are generated through the use of the revenue model components listed in the section above.
The taxes stipulated by Islamic law generally did not generate enough revenue even for the limited expenditures made by pre-modern governments, and rulers were forced to impose additional taxes, which were condemned by the ulema. [9] According to scholar Murat Çizakça, only zakat, jizya and kharaj are mentioned in the Buktasira.
Islamic economics grew naturally from the Islamic revival and political Islam whose adherents considered Islam to be a complete system of life in all its aspects, rather than a spiritual formula [86] and believed that it logically followed that Islam must have an economic system, unique from and superior to non-Islamic economic systems.
According to Shafiite scholars such as Al-Mawardi postulated in his book Al-Ahkam al-Sultania w'al-Wilayat al-Diniyya, the earliest practice of Iqta rooted in the tradition of the Companions of the Prophet, such as when Muhammad given Iqta' (taxable land) plot for Zubayr who later design the land for his own horse training.
A market economy was established in the Islamic world on the basis of an economic system resembling merchant capitalism. Capital formation was promoted by labour in medieval Islamic society, and financial capital was developed by a considerable number of owners of monetary funds and precious metals.
The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750 (London, Routledge, 2000) Lambton, Ann K. S. Landlord and Peasant in Persia: A Study of Land Tenure and Land Revenue Administration (London, Oxford University Press, 1953) Lewis, Bernard (2002). The Arabs in History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280310-7.
Vis-à-vis tax revenues, much less academic study has been conducted into the volume and distribution of non-tax revenues, [2] although the most significant forms — oil and natural gas revenues and foreign aid — have been extensively studied since Hossein Mahdavy’s seminal 1970 analysis of the Imperial State of Iran.