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Snap, [6] or jounce, [2] is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. [4] Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: = ȷ = = =.
Further time derivatives have also been named, as snap or jounce (fourth derivative), crackle (fifth derivative), and pop (sixth derivative). [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The seventh derivative is known as "Bang," as it is a logical continuation to the cycle.
For example, for a changing position, its time derivative ˙ is its velocity, and its second derivative with respect to time, ¨, is its acceleration. Even higher derivatives are sometimes also used: the third derivative of position with respect to time is known as the jerk. See motion graphs and derivatives. A large number of fundamental ...
As acceleration is defined as the derivative of velocity, v, with respect to time t and velocity is defined as the derivative of position, x, with respect to time, acceleration can be thought of as the second derivative of x with respect to t: = =.
In accordance with both Newtonian mechanics and SR, three-acceleration or coordinate acceleration = (, , ) is the first derivative of velocity = (, , ) with respect to coordinate time or the second derivative of the location = (, , ) with respect to coordinate time:
Then, by taking time derivatives, formulas are derived that relate the velocity of the particle as seen in the two frames, and the acceleration relative to each frame. Using these accelerations, the fictitious forces are identified by comparing Newton's second law as formulated in the two different frames.
Since acceleration differentiates the expression involving position, it can be rewritten as a second derivative with respect to time: a = d 2 s d t 2 . {\displaystyle a={\frac {d^{2}s}{dt^{2}}}.} Since, for the purposes of mechanics such as this, integration is the opposite of differentiation, it is also possible to express position as a ...
Informally, the second derivative can be phrased as "the rate of change of the rate of change"; for example, the second derivative of the position of an object with respect to time is the instantaneous acceleration of the object, or the rate at which the velocity of the object is changing with respect to