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Yellow arsenic is the allotrope most suited for reactivity studies, due to its solubility (low, but comparatively large relative to the metallic allotrope) and molecular nature. In comparison to its lighter congener, phosphorus, the reactivity of arsenic is relatively underexplored.
Arsenic is also a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and a component of the III–V compound semiconductor gallium arsenide. Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides, treated wood products, herbicides, and insecticides. These applications are declining with the ...
Arsenic trioxide powder.. Compounds of arsenic resemble in some respects those of phosphorus which occupies the same group (column) of the periodic table.The most common oxidation states for arsenic are: −3 in the arsenides, which are alloy-like intermetallic compounds, +3 in the arsenites, and +5 in the arsenates and most organoarsenic compounds.
The soils hold 1 to 10 parts per million of arsenic, and seawater carries 1.6 parts per billion of arsenic. Arsenic comprises 100 parts per billion of a typical human by weight. Some arsenic exists in elemental form, but most arsenic is found in the arsenic minerals orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite, and enargite. [14]
Arsenic is a moderately abundant element in Earth's crust, and although many arsenic compounds are often considered highly toxic to most life, a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds are produced biologically and various organic and inorganic arsenic compounds are metabolized by numerous organisms.
In its standard state arsine is a colorless, denser-than-air gas that is slightly soluble in water (2% at 20 °C) [1] and in many organic solvents as well. [citation needed] Arsine itself is odorless, [5] but it oxidizes in air and this creates a slight garlic or fish-like scent when the compound is present above 0.5 ppm. [6]
Arsenic-arsenic bonds are very weak, and oligomeric arsenic compounds are even more liable to oxidize than their hydrogenated precursors. [6]: 318–320 The following reaction can, however, be prepared through electrochemical reduction in a zinc-sulfate cell. [6]: 473 Oxidation first forms polymeric arsinoxides, e.g.: MeAs + O → MeAsO
Arsenic (33 As) has 32 known isotopes and at least 10 isomers. Only one of these isotopes, 75 As, is stable; as such, it is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioisotope is 73 As with a half-life of 80 days.