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Positive-incentive value is the anticipated pleasure involved in the performance of a particular behavior, such as eating a particular food or drinking a particular beverage. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a key element of the positive-incentive theories of hunger .
For example, the sight or smell of food can trigger hunger sensations even in the absence of true physiological need, a phenomenon that has important implications for understanding overeating and obesity in food-rich environments. The role of learning and memory in hunger and eating behavior has also been extensively studied.
Hunger in the United States of America affects millions of Americans, including some who are middle class, or who are in households where all adults are in work. The United States produces far more food than it needs for domestic consumption— hunger within the U.S. is caused by some Americans having insufficient money to buy food for ...
In game theory and economics, a mechanism is called incentive-compatible (IC) [1]: 415 if every participant can achieve their own best outcome by reporting their true preferences. [ 1 ] : 225 [ 2 ] For example, there is incentive compatibility if high-risk clients are better off in identifying themselves as high-risk to insurance firms , who ...
Hedonic hunger or hedonic hyperphagia is the "drive to eat to obtain pleasure in the absence of an energy deficit". [1] Particular foods may have a high "hedonic rating" [2] or individuals may have increased susceptibility to environmental food cues. [3] Weight loss programs may aim to control or to compensate for hedonic hunger. [4]
For example, according to the Committee overseeing the implementation of the ICESCR, "the right to water is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights." The need to have adequate water in order to have adequate food is in particular evident in the case of peasant farmers.
Theories on the causes of poverty are the foundation upon which poverty reduction strategies are based.. While in developed nations poverty is often seen as either a personal or a structural defect, in developing nations the issue of poverty is more profound due to the lack of governmental funds.
Examples of positive economic statements are "the unemployment rate in France is higher than that in the United States," or "an increase in government spending would lower the unemployment rate". Either of these is potentially falsifiable and may be contradicted by evidence. Positive economics as such avoids economic value judgments.