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Nuclear DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymeric biomolecule or biopolymer, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.Its structure is a double helix, with two strands wound around each other, a structure first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson (1953) using data collected by Rosalind Franklin.
Nuclear gene location. A nuclear gene is a gene that has its DNA nucleotide sequence physically situated within the cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. This term is employed to differentiate nuclear genes, which are located in the cell nucleus, from genes that are found in mitochondria or chloroplasts. The vast majority of genes in ...
NUMT insertion into the nuclear genome and its persistence in the nuclear genome is initiated by the physical delivery of mitochondrial DNA to the nucleus. [5] This step follows by the mtDNA integration into the genome through a non-homologous end joining mechanism during the double-strand break (DSB) repair process as envisioned by studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae, [13] [29] and terminates ...
DNA exists in many possible conformations that include A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms, although only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been directly observed in functional organisms. [14] The conformation that DNA adopts depends on the hydration level, DNA sequence, the amount and direction of supercoiling, chemical modifications of the bases, the type and ...
This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.
There are many different levels and scales of nuclear organisation. At the smallest scale, DNA is packaged into units called nucleosomes, which compacts DNA about 7-fold. In addition, nucleosomes protect DNA from damage and carry epigenetic information. Positions of nucleosomes determine accessibility of DNA to transcription factors.
Smaller molecules are able to pass freely through the nuclear pore to get into and out of the nucleoplasm, while larger proteins need the help of receptors on the surface of the nuclear envelope. [9] The nuclear matrix is also believed to be contained in the nucleoplasm where it functions to maintain the size and shape of the nucleus, in a role ...
Main antinuclear antibody patterns on immunofluorescence [1] Homogeneous immunofluorescence staining pattern of double stranded DNA antibodies on HEp-20-10 cells. Interphase cells show homogeneous nuclear staining while mitotic cells show staining of the condensed chromosome regions.