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The siemens (symbol: S) is the unit of electric conductance, electric susceptance, and electric admittance in the International System of Units (SI). Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the reciprocals of resistance, reactance, and impedance respectively; hence one siemens is equal to the reciprocal of one ohm (Ω −1) and is also referred to as the mho.
The preparation of salt solutions often takes place in unsealed beakers. In this case the conductivity of purified water often is 10 to 20 times higher. A discussion can be found below. Typical drinking water is in the range of 200–800 μS/cm, while sea water is about 50 mS/cm [3] (or 0.05 S/cm).
The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre ... 14.0 × 10 −8: 7.10 × 10 6: 4.00 × 10 −3: ... (g/cm 3) Resistivity × density ...
where is the length of the conductor, measured in metres (m), A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor measured in square metres (m 2), σ is the electrical conductivity measured in siemens per meter (S·m −1), and ρ is the electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance) of the material, measured in ohm-metres (Ω ...
As quoted in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
Admittance Y, measured in siemens, is defined as the inverse of impedance Z, measured in ohms: Y ≡ 1 Z {\displaystyle Y\equiv {\frac {1}{Z}}} Resistance is a measure of the opposition of a circuit to the flow of a steady current, while impedance takes into account not only the resistance but also dynamic effects (known as reactance ).
κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance), [3] c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte. The SI unit of molar conductivity is siemens metres squared per mole (S m 2 mol −1). [2] However, values are often quoted in S cm 2 mol −1. [4]
For a typical current of 10 mA, g m ≈ 385 mS. The input impedance is the current gain ( β ) divided by the transconductance. The output (collector) conductance is determined by the Early voltage and is proportional to the collector current.